Albie's note: My favorite book of the Bible is Luke's Gospel, and I have read several different commentaries on it over the years. Now i am going to tackle Peter Ruckman's 762 page opus dealing with the "Gospel of the underdog" (to borrow William Barclay's memorable label. I have a love/hate thing with Ruckman's books; I hate all the vindictive slams against other commentators (for one thing they take up too much space!); but I love it when Dr. Ruckman simply teaches the Bible. At his best, he has a down-to-earth style that is absolutely unique... as demonstrated here in (most of) his intro to the LUKE commentary.
INTRODUCTION
To The Gospel Of LUKE
by
PETER S. RUCKMAN
The third biographical account of Jesus Christ in the New
Testament was written by Paul's missionary companion Luke,
“the beloved
physician” (Col. 4:14).
From the time he joined the apostle in Acts 16:10–17, Luke accompanied Paul (2
Tim. 4:11) all the way to the time of his execution. For further discussion on
the authorship of the book, we refer you to our comments under Acts 1:1 in that
Commentary.
Luke’s writing is that of a highly educated, very
intelligent man. While we won’t go into the fineries of Greek here, suffice it
to say that the language of Luke is a very precise, correct, classical style not
found in the writings of a commercial fisherman like John or a publican like
Matthew.
Now you don’t need to know Greek or Hebrew to see that
the writers of Scripture have different styles and personalities. The truth of
the matter is that although “all scripture is given by inspiration of
God” (2 Tim. 3:16), the
Holy Spirit didn’t override the “holy men of God” He “moved” to speak the words of the Scriptures (2 Pet.
1:21).
Like the living Word, the written word of God has two
natures: a human one and a divine one. The divine nature was, of course, the
Holy Ghost, and the human nature was the men who wrote it. The men who wrote
down what the Holy Spirit gave them had individual personalities, and God spoke
through those personalities without changing them.
Because of Luke’s command of the Greek language, the
teaching of modern apostate Fundamentalists and Conservatives is that Luke
himself was a Gentile Greek. Of course, that proves nothing, for Paul could
speak and write Greek quite well when he wanted (see Acts 21:37 and our remarks
on the authorship of Hebrews in the introduction to that Commentary). Romans 3:4
says “the oracles of
God” were given to the
Jews, and the singular exception of Job (written 300 years
before Moses penned the Pentateuch) does nothing to overthrow that divine rule.
Scofield correctly points out that Luke was “of Jewish ancestry...a Jew of the
Dispersion,” probably from Antioch (!).
The Gospel of Luke contains 24 chapters, 1,151 verses,
and 25,939 words. The exact time and place of its authorship isn’t fixed. It was
obviously written before the book of Acts (see Acts 1:1), which wasn’t finished
until after the events of Acts 28 (probably around A.D. 65). Because Luke wrote
his Gospel from the eyewitness accounts of Christ’s life (Luke 1:2), the most
logical time for him to have interviewed the various disciples and folks who saw
and heard Jesus would have been when Paul was imprisoned in Caesarea (Acts
24:27). The most probable time for the writing, then, would be between A.D. 58
and 60.
Luke is what is known as a “synoptic Gospel”; that is,
it, along with Matthew and Mark, gives a synopsis of the life and ministry of
the Lord Jesus Christ. Now there is nothing wrong with that label per se, but
the Liberals use that to isolate and get rid of John’s Gospel as a genuine
historical account of the life of Jesus Christ.
You see, it is obvious to anyone that John had a
purpose in writing his Gospel.
“But these are written, that ye might believe that
Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God; and that believing ye might have life
through his name” (John
20:31).
John wrote his Gospel to show you Jesus Christ was God in
the flesh and to get you saved. Such things are “verboten” to unsaved and apostate scholarship. Historians aren’t
supposed to write anything to prove any Biblical, theological
truth. After all, “all religions are the same,” and “we are all
working to get to the same place.” Yeah, and you’re gonna make it if you don’t
watch out.
The reason for the so-called “synoptic problem” is the
amount of New Testament revelation each author had. Matthew and Mark were the
earliest two Gospels, and neither one had anything the Apostle Paul wrote. Luke
would have had 1 & 2 Thessalonians, Galatians, Romans, and 1 & 2
Corinthians. John, though, would have had the entire body of Pauline revelation
available to him. When Luke wrote, the destruction of Jerusalem had not yet taken place, but John wrote twenty years
after the Jews had ceased to be a nation. That explains the
alleged “disparities” between the accounts of Matthew, Mark, and Luke and John’s
Gospel.
Each one of the Gospels has a special theme and these are
given in the Old Testament prophecies on “the Branch” (see our comments on Zech. 3:8 in the
Bible Believer’s Commentary
on the Minor Prophets, Vol.
II). As we pointed out above, John wrote about Jesus as
the Son of
God; it has a universal
appeal not found in the other three Gospels (e.g., John 1:10–12, 3:16, 4:42,
12:32, 21:25). John has Christ’s genealogy going back all the way before Genesis
1:1 (see John 1:1–3). So John emphasizes Christ’s Deity, and he writes to the
world at large.
Matthew presents Jesus as the King of the Jews. He traces Christ’s genealogy back to Abraham, the father
of the Jewish race (Matt. 1:1). Matthew is a Jew writing to Jews, so his
emphasis is on Christ as the “King of the Jews” because those Jews were looking for their Messiah to
show up as a conquering King.
The Gospel of Mark is fast-paced with a lot of action.
There are not a lot of doctrinal discourses in Mark like you find in the other
Gospels. For that reason, the scholars say Mark writes to the Romans. Be that as
it may, the emphasis in Mark is on Christ as the Servant of God. Because of
that, you won’t find any genealogy given by Mark. Nobody cares from where a
servant comes.
The Gospel of Luke, though, traces Christ back to the
very first man, Adam (Luke 3:38), so the theme of Luke is Jesus Christ as the
Son of
man. Luke writes to the
Greeks as a group, so he presents Jesus Christ as the perfect man. Luke puts the
emphasis on Christ’s human nature, which is why the Liberals prefer it over
John’s Gospel, because John emphasizes Christ’s divine
nature.
Because of his audience, you will notice a peculiar
Gentile slant to Luke’s Gospel. It’s all through the book. In
the famous Christmas passage in Luke 2, the angel told the shepherds,
“behold, I bring you good
tidings of great joy, which shall be to ALL PEOPLE” (Luke 2:10). At Christ’s circumcision, Simeon said He
would be “A light to lighten
THE GENTILES” (Luke 2:32).
Luke changes the Parable of the Talents (Matt. 25:14–30), which was a
Jewish weight, to the Parable of the Pounds, a
Gentile weight.
While Luke is a “synoptic Gospel,” still there are things
peculiar to the book, which are found in no other Gospel account. Luke is the
only Gospel to give you the Parable of the Good Samaritan, the Parable of the
Prodigal Son, and the story of the rich man and Lazarus. You won’t find the
annunciations of John the Baptist or Jesus Christ in Matthew, Mark, or John.
Although Matthew will tell you what happens after the birth of Christ with the
wise men, only in Luke will you read about the actual birth of the Lord Jesus
Christ. And only Luke gives you the conversion of the dying thief on the cross.
So without the Gospel of Luke, you would have an incomplete picture of the Lord
Jesus Christ’s earthly ministry. The idea that you can use the “synoptic
problem” to get rid of one or more of the Gospel accounts is straight out of
Hell. You can take the “Q document theory” and the “Jesus Seminar” and deposit
them in “File 13” where they belong.
As in every book in the Bible Believer’s Commentary
Series, we will take a believing approach to the work of Dr. Luke. We will accept it as
an absolutely, 100% correct, historically accurate account of the events as they
are recorded. We won’t give a “Continental dollar” (I forbear to give the
“original”) for the opinions of apostate scholarship in the matter. Why would we
take the conjectures and guesswork of a bunch of educated jackrabbits over the
witness of people who lived, worked, and talked with Jesus Christ face to face?
Our approach to what the Holy Spirit recorded in the Book He authored is that of
the Thessalonian Christians.
“For this cause also thank we God without ceasing,
because, when ye received the word of God which ye heard of us, ye received it
not as the word of men, but as it is in truth, the word of God, which
effectually worketh also in you that believe” (1 Thess. 2:13).
If that’s not the approach of the other bunch, that’s
their problem; it’s a free country. They can believe anything they want about
the Book; just don’t ask us who believe it to give them any more respect for
their position or education than we would give to a two-year-old Ubangi baby. They
will answer to their Creator just like I will answer to mine (Rom. 14:12). All
my chips are on the Book.
PEACE